Underreamer.



G.- T. MAPES.

UNDERREAMER. APPLICATION FILED JUNE '25, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 Patented June 1,

5 l wax 11:01;

W'zooeo' G. T. MA'PES, UNDERREAMER.

. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, 1908.

Pat ent ed June 1, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHBET 2.

{inventorcZ/V/a a rinrrnnsrATE-s Finn,

CLARENCE T. MAPES, OF GRAFTON, PENN SYLV-ANI A;

. UNDERREAMER.

all whom it ma concern." I

,Beit known that I, CLAREN E T. MATES, a citizen of the United States-ofAmerica, residing at Grafton, in the {county of Alleghenyand State ofPenns ,;"lv'ania have invented certain; new and useful Improvements inUnaj'derrealners, of which the followingis a speci i iication, referencebeing had therein to the accompanying drawing i .1 This inventionrelates to under reamers' "andithe objects of my invention are,'first,to provide a durable device for reaming out or. enlarging well-ho1esdrilled below acasing-in 1 order to permit the casing to be lowered.farther down in the: well-hole; second, to exediate the operationofjreaming out a well- .iiole by providing an under reainer that will bepositive in its action and fIGG fP OID injury by ordinary use;.third,.to provide -an inexJ pensive under realner that canbesuccessfully operated in a shaleforniation or in the l. most induratestrata of an oilfield; fourth; l toprovide an under reamer havingpositive and reliable nieansfor effecting a, movement i of thereainer-bits when released and bracing and firmly holding said bitswhile the under ,rearner is'in operation; and fifth, to provide an 1under reamer comprising comparatively few parts quickly assembled,easily manipulated to enter a 'well casing andeasily disassembled whenthe bits need resharpening.

'I attain the above objects by an under 1 reaming device that will bepresently del scribed in detail and then specifically pointed out in theappended claims." 7 y In the'drawings, Figure'] is a side elevaa 4 tionof the under reanier within a well casing, illustrating thebi-ts thereofreleased by the casingand in pos'ition'fo'r operation, Fig. 2 is E avertical sectional view of the under reaincrq within a'casing,illustrating oneor the bits;in elevation and both'of said bits held andre 1' tract-ed withinthe-casing, Fig, .3 is a horii zontal sectionalview taken on the line .'r .r l of Fig. 1 looking downward toward the lreamer bits, Fig. i is a vertical longitudinally sectional view-of atportionof a learner/body, i Fig. 5 is a bottom plan ofthe sameillustrating the recesscsand cavity thereof, Fig. 5 is a plan of thereainer bits, Fig. 6 is an eleva tion of a modified form-of underreamer, partly broken away and partly in section, Fig. 7. is aperspective view of one of the reanier bits (if the preferred form ofconstruc- 5 tion, Fig. 8 is a side elevation of one of the; reaincr bitsof a modified form partly broken SpeQification of Letters Patent.

lformi'of' reamer bit.-

Patented ruse 1, 1909.

a uc fibii filedJune 25, rats. Serial Ive/440,282.

away and partly in section, and Fig. 9 is an elevation of the innerside'of the modified '--Inthe accompanying'drawings, l desi ghatesareainer-body having at the upperendg thereof screw threadedprotuberance2'of less diameter than the reani'erfbody, whereby: saidreamer bit can bc'co'nnecte-d to a sub 3.

or. a String of drilling tools. "The' reamer body l is cylindrical andcontiguous to the protuberanceprovided with cipimsitel'y' l d sposedflat faces 3 adapted torecetve' a. I

Wrench, '(notshown), commonly employed to tighten and looscn'theprotuberance 2.. v

The referencenumeral. 4 designates a cen .tral longitudinalbore', theupper'end comm-ii nicating with arecess constituting a-.socket 5forine'd longitudinally of the protuberan'oeflfor a coil spring 6,the-object of which will presently appear.

The lower end of the bore iconimuiiicates with a' conoidalshaped cavity7, having flattened oppositely dis osed sides 8, the na terial borderingupont 1e sides of said CfiV? ity having oppositely; disposed inverted V-shaped guide-ways 9, While the curved upper sitely disposedrecesses'10.- I r i i The lower-end of ther'eainerbody 1 is beveled, asatll, toward two transversely :de

. best shown in Figs. stand 5. The lower ends of ther'ibs 12 are beveledfor a purpose that. will hereinafter appear.

sides of the cavity -7, adjacent to the upper lp end of the cavity,ar.eprovided with oppo' Movably'niountedin the cavity Tend protruding fromthe lower end thereof are oppositely disposed reainer bits or dogs,eachreainer bit ordog comprising a body 13 having flattened sides 14,lower beveled ends 15, and tapering shaped shanks 16, said'shanks havingflattenedoppositely disposed faces 17 provided with guideilanges 18. Theshanks 16 when assembled, are opproxiniately the same shape 111 crosssection asthe cavlty 7, 18 engaging-1n the guidewith the flanges waysfl.Each reamerbit or dog is provided with.

two angular bearing surfaces 19 and 20, the

for ner engaging the upper end of the cavity 7 and the latter thebeveledsurfaces 11 at the lower end of the rea1'ner-body '1', when the learnerbits or dogs are ex )an-ded or released The subject-1natter .o theabovepara I in this res e.

and outwardly and the large area of these surfaces l'ullybraee the hitsas the blow it received upon the lower ends oi said bits. With the bearig'suifaees at-righl angles to the direction el' the'blow, it isimpossible for the bits to. sh t during the operation,- and to exert anystresses or strains other than would "be re zived by the surfaces 20.The upper bearing suri a es 19 o" the shanks 16 assist 7 and as willhereinafter appear these upper surfaces 1E) ea-n be dispensed with forthis purpose.

The eoni' outi g laces oi the shanks 16 are provided it V centrallydisposed from the bearing-surfaces 19 to oppositel disposed soekets 22formed in said shanks, said sockets ieiiig in trans verse alineinrntwith the upper endsol the flanges Adapted to engage in the sockets 22 isa cross-head 23 ot a rod 24, said rod ex tending upwardly through thebore 4 and. the spring 6 and having the upper end thereof provided witha nut 25 For retaining the spring 6 under tension.

'l ie confronting l aees oi the reainer bits or dogs are provided withvertical bearing surfaces 26, the upper edges of these surfaces engagingthe lower beveled edges of the spreader ribs l2, when the bits or dogsare retracted, while the surfaces 26 are maintained vertirzally by thesides of the ribs 12 -when the bits or dogs are. expanded for operationin. a. well.

The reference numeral 27. designates the lower end of the casing havingthreaded thereon a ovlindrical drive-shoe 28, the inner lower edg olwhich are beveled, as at 29.

In operation, the reainer bits or dogs are pressed downwardly andinwardly to enter a casing 27, the i'eanier bits or dogs remaining inthis position while the under 'lGttlDOl' is lowered in awell. vl ith thereanier bits or .dogs retracted, the beai'ing'suri'aees 19 are adaptedto engage in the recesses 10, with the lower edges of the verticalsuria-tes 26 eontaeting, and with .the spring 6 under tension, as shown.in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

Immediately upon the reainer bit reaching the drive shoe 2%, the reainerbits or dogs are released. The tension of the spring 26 is thensuflieient to elevate the rod 24 and the reainer bits, said bitsassuming the position illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings. Tofacilitate the. spreading of the reainer bits'oi' dogs, the beveledbearing surfaces 19 are provided, also the beveled bearing surfaces ofthe spreader ribs 12, the upper ends of the shanks '16 readily slidingout of the recesses 10,

while the ribs 12 spread the reainer bits or i rooves l said groovesbeing operation ol the under i'eanier.

lhe beveled ends 1;? .ol' the reaiuer l-iiprovide eutting edges andeleainm-e l'or aid bits when in operatioi the beveled surl'aees 11 olthe lower end ol'nv reainer bod adapted to receive vertical stresses andstrains, and the ribs 12 lateral stresses and strainswhile'theuldlil'ltilllltl' in opera t ion. he llangeslS iljhin the rude-w: v.-= ae adapted to liinit .he'ouiward iuoreieeut ol' the reaii'ier bits or dos aiid at llltlwllllr t me retain said bits or dogs in proper relationlo one another. ll heii the bits or do ijs a r in .operaticm, the shanks16 are adapted to brace said bits ordogs by virtue ol' the upper ends ofsaid shanks engaging in the upper ends of the cavity 7,; this also bringtrue 1 dogs and brace said hits or dogs during the l r l upper ends olthe s iaiilis in the ltflfltwbi il l lillll the bits or dogs. braeed ina reiraeied position, irregularities on 'riu i iiti'lril or r ill easingeaii be readily miereoine when reainer bit lowe 'ed a u ell.

In Fig. (i ol'the drawings l. have illustrated a slight modification oi"iny invention, wherein the upper bearing surl'aees iEl ol' the shank 16are only einploved l'oieugrii in fire recesses 10, said shanks not bein;rieui' length to permit ol' these beariuv r-lllliirltl it engaging inthe upper eudol 1 f e eavit T.

inother instanee, when the liltlrl' l arner is tobe (lliiWllll'U'ill theeasing 21 .lre r plllri bits or dogs are retracted b \irlue or the ldrive-shoe 28, the lower beveled ends I) ol said shoe loreing the hi sor dogs inwardly. as the under reanier is elevated.

ll'hile iii the drawings l'oriuin; a part ol' this application there isilluslraied the pre lerred (l'iibodiilienls of in invention, 1 wouldhave it understood that the elements therein ean be varied or ehauged,as to the shape, proportion and mann r ol eiuhlage without departingl'roin tlu spirit ol the iuvention.

Having now deseribed urv invention, nhal. l elaiin as new, is:

l. in uiuleri'eanier embody inn; a body having the lower end thereolbeveled and provided with a eonoidal-shaped r:l\ll l: niug oii positelydisposed llal sides pr vided withinvertedV-shapedguidwwaysaudoppositelvdisposed sides provided withl'i"(t.r-(\ i said body having a bore formed therein lei-- ininating ina soeke at the upper end ol said body, a eontraetilde and extensiblespring mounted in said StK'liti' reaiuer bits, said bits eonipi'isingbodies, shanks rarried thereby and extending into said eavily with theupper ends of said shanks adapted lo bear against ibe upper end,ol' saidrarity when said bits are expanded and reeede into said recesses whensaid bils irlihr'l, said shanks provided with 'eonlroiuing soelzetsoppositely disposed flanges t'zliiied by said shanks when the bits or dgs are i'eli'ar'tml \vi'r li lluloii and adapted to engage in theguide-ways of E said cavity, a rod mounted in said bore and having acrossdiead engaging in the said confronting sockets, said spring carriedby and i adapted to elevate and lower said rod, and E beveled spreaderribs carried by the lower 1 end of said reamer body and adapted to engage vertical I bearing surfaces provided i therefor upon theconfronting sides of said bits, substantially as described.

2. An under reamer embodying a reamer body having the lower end thereofbeveled and provided with aconoidal-shaped cavity, the side walls ofsaid cavity provided with recesses each having ailat inner wall and aninclined top wall, said flat inner and said inclined top wallconstituting a bracing means, reamer bits adapted to engage the beveledl end of said reamer body and the upper end of said cavity, whenprojected and the walls of I l i said recesses when retracted, said bitscomprising bodies having cutting edges, shanks carried by said bodiesand extending into ably mounted in said 'reamer body,-a cr0ssheadcarried thereby and loosely engaging in the confronting sockets of saidshanks, and

beveled spreader ribs carried by the lower ind of said reame'r body. forexpanding said its. 4 1

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the'presence of twowitnesses.

, CLARENCE T. MAPES. Witnesses MAX H. SROLOVITZ,.

K. H. BUTLEm

